Validity and reliability study in undergraduate healthcare students towards the solution of a neglected problem in working life: Attitude scale towards patients with chronic pain.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is the type of pain that healthcare professionals frequently encounter. Health care students' attitudes towards pain management are not sufficient and this negatively affects their chronic pain management. When students cannot manage the chronic pain they will experience professional burnout, depersonalization, and a decrease in compassion and empathy in patient care. Therefore, the first step in improving health care students' attitudes towards patients with chronic pain is to determine their attitudes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Scale for Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes towards Patients with Chronic Pain (HCPAPCP Scale) in healthcare students. METHOD: This quantitative study was conducted with 205 health care students in January-February 2022. Data were collected online with Personal Information Form and the HCPAPCP Scale. To determine the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and test-retest, and for construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the two-factor scale consisting of 18 items, the factor structure, and the distribution of factors in items were the same as the findings of the original scale. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the first factor and 0.74 for the second factor. Test-retest reliability was 0.60. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model had a good and acceptable fit. CONCLUSION: We found that the HCPAPCP Scale was valid and reliable in healthcare students.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish reduced morningness and eveningness questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach's α = 0.706 and McDonald's ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%-92.7% for morning types and 86.3%-87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual's chronotype.

Validity evaluation of the Health Information Preferences Questionnaire among college students.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between health information preferences and specific health behaviors and outcomes, such as preventive measures and chronic disease management among college students. It assesses how different levels of health information preference influence individuals' utilization, perception, and self-efficacy within healthcare and health information contexts. Given the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases among younger populations in China, this research seeks to understand how tailored health information preferences can support effective health education and behavioral interventions. The development of the Health Information Preference Questionnaire (HIPQ) aims to bridge the existing gap in tools for assessing health information preferences among Chinese college students, with a focus on collecting validity evidence to confirm the HIPQ's applicability in this group. Methods: The study employed a mixed-methods approach, beginning with an initial item pool derived from a comprehensive review of existing research tools, literature, and expert inputs. An expert review panel conducted item evaluations, leading to item reduction for clarity and relevance. The validation process utilized two independent samples of college students, detailing the sample size (n = 446 for preliminary testing, n = 1,593 for validation) and characteristics (age, major, urban vs. rural background) to enhance the understanding of the study's generalizability. Results: The HIPQ, comprising 25 items across five dimensions-prevention-oriented approaches, relationship with healthcare providers, self-efficacy in obtaining health information, perception of the importance of health information, and health information behavior-demonstrated excellent content validity (ICVI ranged from 0.72 to 0.86). Factor analysis confirmed significant loadings for each item across the anticipated factors, with fit indices (RMSEA = 0.065, CFI = 0.942) supporting good model fit. The HIPQ's reliability was underscored by Cronbach's alpha coefficients (>0.8) for each subscale, with significant correlations across all subscales, indicating strong internal consistency and construct validity. Conclusion: The HIPQ proves to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing health information preferences among Chinese college students, highlighting its potential for broader application in health education and intervention strategies. Recognizing the study's focus on a specific demographic, future research should investigate the HIPQ's adaptability and utility in broader populations and different cultural settings. The study's limitations, including its concentrated demographic and context, invite further exploration into the HIPQ's applicability across diverse groups. Additionally, potential future research directions could include longitudinal studies to assess the impact of tailored health information on actual health outcomes and behaviors.

Development of Integrated Supportive Care Nursing Competence Scale for Cancer Survivors.

Nurses play a key role in providing integrated supportive care to cancer patients for their various needs. Efforts should be made to identify the competencies required for nurses providing integrated supportive care to cancer survivors, evaluate the competence level with reliable and reasonable tools, and continuously improve them. In Phase 1, the items of the scale were developed through a literature review and by conducting a focus group interview. In Phase 2, the validity and reliability of the scale were analyzed. A total of 504 nurses participated. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation with other scales, internal consistency, and split-half reliability. The developed scale consisted of 22 items. These items were grouped into five subscales and labeled as professionalism enhancement, care coordination, comprehensive nursing needs assessment, providing tailored information and education, and recurrence surveillance and secondary cancer prevention. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good convergent and discriminant validities. The criterion validity was verified. The internal consistency of the scale measured by Cronbach's α was 0.91. The developed scale is expected to be used as an instrument to identify cancer survivor integrated supportive care competencies of nurses in practice.

Evaluating the cross-cultural competence instrument for healthcare professionals (CCCHP) among nurses in Okinawa, Japan.

BACKGROUND: To provide better quality healthcare services to patients with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, the cross-cultural competence of medical professionals is important. However, assessing and improving the cross-cultural competence of healthcare professionals is difficult in Japan, as there is no standardized scale to measure the competence. This study's purpose was to translate the Cross-Cultural Competence instrument for Healthcare Professionals (CCCHP), which was developed and used in Europe, and to examine its reliability and validity among Japanese nurses. METHODS: During June and July 2021, nursing staff were invited to take web- and paper-based surveys in Okinawa Japan. The CCCHP (five-factor model with 27 items across motivation, attitude, skills, emotion, and knowledge) was translated using a combination translation method, and a five-point Likert scale was used for responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and known-group method were used to examine structural validity, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test reliability. RESULTS: A total of 294 responses were analyzed; 77.2% had more than five years of experience. Since the fit index indicated that the five-factor model was not a good fit, it was modified to a four-factor model (J-CCCHP24) by moving three variables, removing the knowledge factor, and using the error covariance of the variables. The fit index after the modification was improved to comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.06, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. The mean scores of J-CCCHP24 were significantly higher in the group with a history of overseas travel, higher foreign language skill, training in intercultural care, experience of foreign patient care, and intercultural interactions outside the workplace than in the group without these characteristics. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the modified Japanese version of the CCCHP (four-factor model with 24 items). The results suggest that the exposure to different cultures on a personal level may help improve nurses' cross-cultural competence. Further refinement of this scale for practical use would encourage the implementation of necessary countermeasures to improve the cross-cultural competence of Japanese healthcare professionals.

Turkish validity and reliability study on the quick aphasia battery.

INTRODUCTION: The quick aphasia battery (QAB), which assesses all areas of language in detail and quickly, was developed in English. It has been shown to be suitable for bedside patients. There is a need for a Turkish bedside test that allows for a comprehensive yet rapid assessment of stroke patients in terms of aphasia. The aim of this study was to create a Turkish version of QAB (QAB-TR) and to determine its validity and reliability in Turkish-speaking patients after a stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 188 people aged 41-88 years. Of these, 37 (19.7%) had aphasia (12 chronic, 25 acute), 53 (28.2%) were acute stroke patients without aphasia, and 98 (52.1%) were healthy controls. Internal consistency and criterion validity, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability of the QAB-TR were performed. The language assessment test for aphasia was used for criterion validity. For the inter-rater reliability of the test, two different speech language therapists (SLP) administered the QAB-TR. For test-retest reliability, 2 weeks later, the same SLP who filled out the QAB-TR the first time was administered the test again. To test the validity of the test, correlations between the items and subsections were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the sensitivity and selectivity of the QAB-TR score, and a cut-off value was determined to distinguish patients with aphasia. RESULTS: The inter-rater Krippendorff's alpha value of the QAB-TR total was 0.6754. There was no statistically significant difference (p > .05) between the first and second QAB-TR total scores. The correlation analysis between the QAB-TR subsection scores and the total QAB-TR score (0.244-0.897) revealed statistically significant relationships. The area under the ROC curve was statistically significant and was found to be 0.853 (95% confidence interval: 0.799-0.906). The cut-off point for the QAB score to discriminate between patients with aphasia and those without aphasia was found to be 8.825, with 0.767 sensitivity and 0.765 selectivity (1-0.235). CONCLUSION: All the study results show that QAB-TR has internal consistency, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability. It can be administered in as little as 15 min and provides information about the multidimensional linguistic profiles of individuals. QAB-TR can be used for both clinical and study purposes as a language battery that allows for the measurement of the strengths and weaknesses of Turkish-speaking individuals who have suffered a stroke in basic language areas in acute and chronic periods. It can be easily administered at the bedside for individuals who have just suffered an acute stroke and can facilitate early assessment of individuals in terms of aphasia and early initiation of therapy, if necessary.

Validation of a Turkish Translation of the Perceived Occupational Stress Scale and Measurement Invariance Across Turkish and Italian Workers.

Introduction: Measuring and understanding perceived occupational stress is crucial for understanding workers' experiences of stress in the workplace and its potential implications on mental health outcomes and job performance. However, there is a scarcity of brief measures containing relevant items focused solely on occupational stress, suitable for integration with risk assessment tools for work-related stress. This study aimed to validate the Perceived Occupational Stress (POS) scale in Turkish and examined its measurement invariance across Turkish and Italian samples. Methods: The participants included 350 Turkish teachers (55.7% male) and 160 Italian workers (60.6% female). Results: The results showed a single-factor structure explaining 69.61% of the total variance for the POS. The internal consistency was found to be high in both samples. The results also indicated that the factor structure of the POS was equivalent across the two groups, supporting measurement invariance. Conclusion: Overall, the POS demonstrated solid measurement properties, including validated factor structure, internal reliability, and measurement invariance.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention to pursue a career in mental health nursing scale.

AIM: To adapt culturally and assess the reliability and validity of the Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control and Intention to Pursue a Career in Mental Health Nursing (ASPIRE) scale among Chinese nursing students. BACKGROUND: Mental health nurses make up a substantial proportion of the mental health workforce and are pivotal for improving access to professional mental health care. However, a shortage of mental health nurses persists across various countries. Although new nursing graduates have the potential to alleviate the labor shortages, there is currently no standardized tool specifically designed to measure nursing students' intentions to pursue a career in mental health nursing in China. DESIGN: A quantitative and cross-sectional design. METHODS: Following email authorization from the author, the Chinese version of the ASPIRE scale was translated following the cross-cultural adaptation process guidelines established by the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 540 nursing students from three universities in Hunan Province from April 2023 to October 2023. Nine experts were invited to evaluate the content equivalence of each item. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were used to test reliability and validity. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the ASPIRE scale retained 14 items and it has high content validity. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the correlation between the total scores of the items (P < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor solution explained 65.82% of the total variance and confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a good fit (CMIN/DF = 2.64, RMSEA = 0.079, GFI = 0.908, IFI = 0.964, SRMR = 0.0326). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.958 and the test-retest coefficient was 0.783. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the ASPIRE scale has great reliability and validity and can be used for assessing Chinese nursing students' intention to pursue a career in mental health nursing.

Patient dependency in the Oncology Emergency Room. Reliability and validity of the Jones Dependency Tool.

BACKGROUND: Patients' dependency has significant nursing implications. Nurse skill mix and staffing levels may be addressed more successfully when dependency can be measured. In the oncology emergency room, a valid and reliable tool that measures patients' dependency on nursing care is necessary. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Jones Dependency Tool in Adult Oncology Emergency Setting at a Cancer Center in Jordan. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional design was used to test the Reliability and Validity of the Jones Dependency Tool among patients with cancer visiting the ED. A sample of 79 patients were assessed using the JDT and Conner's tool. RESULTS: Jones Dependency Tool showed a high level of validity and reliability. In terms of reliability, which was tested by test-re-test, Intra-class correlation (ICC) = 0.902 which indicates good to excellent. The tool demonstrates a high validity evidenced by its correlation with a criterion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the JDT tool is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to quantify a patient's dependency level and the level of nursing care they need, assisting in the selection of the ideal staffing level in terms of quantity and skill mix.

Évaluation de la structure factorielle et des qualités psychométriques de l'Échelle de Fatigue Pandémique parmi la population adulte québécoise: Evaluation of the factorial structure and psychometric qualities of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale among Quebec adult population.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the factorial structure and the psychometric qualities of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale among the Quebec adult population. METHOD: The data analyzed come from a web survey conducted in October 2021 among 10 368 adults residing in Quebec. The scale's factor structure and invariance by gender, age and language used to complete the questionnaire were tested using confirmatory factor analyses. Convergent and divergent validity were also assessed. Finally, the reliability of the scale was estimated from the alpha and omega coefficients. RESULTS: The analyzes suggest the presence of a bidimensional structure in the sample of Quebec adults with informational fatigue and behavioral fatigue. The invariance of the measure is noted for sex, for age subgroups and for the language used for the questionnaire. The results of convergent and divergent validity provide additional evidence for the validity of the scale. Finally, the reliability of the scale scores is excellent. CONCLUSION: The results support the presence of a bidimensional structure as in the initial work of Lilleholt et al. They also confirm that the scale has good psychometric qualities and that it can be used among the adult population of Quebec.

OBJECTIF: L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la structure factorielle et les qualités psychométriques de l'Échelle de Fatigue Pandémique parmi la population adulte québécoise. MÉTHODE: Les données analysées proviennent d'une enquête Web réalisée en octobre 2021 auprès de 10 368 adultes résidant au Québec. La structure factorielle de l'échelle et l'invariance selon le sexe, l'âge et la langue utilisée pour le questionnaire ont été testées à l'aide d'analyses factorielles confirmatoires. La validité convergente et divergente ont aussi été évaluées. Enfin, la fidélité de l'échelle a été estimée à partir des coefficients alpha et oméga total. RÉSULTATS: Les analyses suggèrent la présence d'une structure bidimensionnelle dans l'échantillon d'adultes québécois avec la fatigue informationnelle et la fatigue comportementale. L'invariance de la mesure est notée pour le sexe, pour les groupes d'âge et pour la langue utilisée pour la complétion du questionnaire. Les résultats de la validité convergente et divergente apportent des preuves supplémentaires à la validité de l'échelle. Enfin, la fidélité des scores de l'échelle est excellente. CONCLUSION: Les résultats appuient la présence d'une structure bidimensionnelle comme dans les travaux initiaux de Lilleholt et coll. Ils permettent également d'affirmer que l'échelle possède de bonnes qualités psychométriques et qu'elle peut être utilisée parmi la population adulte québécoise.

Integral leadership in nursing: Development and psychometric validation of a Korean version of the Integral Nursing Leadership Scale.

BACKGROUND: With the importance of nursing leadership roles, there is a need for a more integrated approach to nursing leadership that can adapt quickly to many challenges in today's healthcare environments. In recent years, integral leadership that can apply a more holistic and inclusive approach to leadership has gained growing attention in other disciplines. However, research on integral leadership in nursing is sparse since no instrument specifically measuring integral leadership in nursing contexts is available. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop an integral nursing leadership scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: The scale was developed in two phases. In the first phase, items were generated to reflect the attributes of integral leadership in the nursing context. These attributes were identified through a conceptualization process using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The process was based on the four dimensions of the integral leadership framework, adopting Wilber's four quadrants of integral theory. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale, including content validity, structural validity, and internal consistency reliability, were evaluated. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 806 Korean nurses and were analyzed using both exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, using two separate random halves of the sample. RESULTS: The newly developed scale consisted of 30 items across four dimensions: individual leadership qualities, individual performance, influencing organizational culture, and organizational excellence. Content validity for the 30 items was calculated to be 0.84 for item-level content validity and 0.96 for the scale's content validity averaging method, indicating adequate content validity. The four-factor structure of integral nursing leadership was cross-validated by exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability was also found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 and a McDonald's ω estimate of 0.98. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate that the Integral Nursing Leadership Scale has acceptable content validity, structural validity, and reliability in measuring integral leadership, specifically in the context of nursing. More research is needed to further refine and establish strong validity of the scale.

Development of stigma scale for women with mental illness in perinatal period, validity and reliability study.

AIM: Although there are many scales that measure stigma, there is no scale with the necessary adequacy to measure stigma in the perinatal period. The study aims to develop the stigma scale for women with mental illness in the perinatal period and test its validity and reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were reached via patients, visitors, and hospital staff who applied to Sakarya Training and Research Hospital between 01/06/2022 and 01/12/2022. Two hundred people (female n = 134, male n = 66) aged 18-65 participated in the study and "Sociodemographic data form," "Perinatal Mental Illness Stigma Scale (PMISS)," "Social Distance Scale," and "Beliefs Towards Mental Illness Scale" were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and the AMOS 26 program. RESULTS: The Content Validity Index of the scale items was between 0.80-1. Cronbach's alpha coefficient score of the general scale was 0.94, the "Discrimination and Prejudice" sub-dimension was 0.93, and the "Labeling" sub-dimension was 0.88. It was determined that item-total score correlations varied between 0.410 and 0.799. P value calculated < 0.05 in Barlett's test and 0.94 in the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test. These values show that factor analysis can be applied to the scale. According to the Exploratory Factor Analysis result, the scale has a 2-factor structure, explaining 60% of the total variance. The Guttman Split-Half coefficient of the scale was 0.882, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.883. The scale was reapplied to 30 participants with an interval of three weeks. The correlation coefficient between the two measurements was 0.91, indicating that the scale satisfies the invariance principle over time. CONCLUSION: The PMISS is a reliable measurement tool that can be used to investigate stigma towards mental illness during the perinatal period in the Turkish population.

The validity and reliability of Turkish version of the children's home inventory for listening difficulties - (C.H.I.L.D) questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Children's Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties - (C.H.I.L.D) questionnaire. METHODS: The study included 121 children with cochlear implants and their families aged 3-12 years and 171 children with normal hearing and their families. Confirmatory factor analysis (C.F.A.) was used to assess construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze internal consistency and test-retest reliability was also investigated. RESULTS: The reliability coefficients of the entire C.H.I.L.D family member (C.H.I.L.D-FM) and children version (C.H.I.L.D-C) were 0.983, 0.978, and Cronbach's coefficients were 0.992, 0.992, and the corrected item-total correlations increased from 0.989 to 0.994 and from 0.988 to 0.994, respectively. The scale's construct validity was excellent, according to the CFA analyses. The goodness-of-fit indexes (for the parent's version 0.892 and for the child's version 0.867) demonstrated a good fit for the single-factor construct, with only the normed fit index revealing an acceptable fit. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the C.H.I.L.D is a reliable and valid evaluation test for children and their family members.

The Revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: Thai Translation and Psychometric Evaluation.

Background and Purpose: Nurses are vulnerable to being second victims, resulting in physio-psychological problems and leaving their profession. Exploring second victims requires reliable instruments. This study aimed to translate the Revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST-R) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: The translation process applied the World Health Organization guidelines and validated the Thai version of the SVEST-R (Thai-SVEST-R) with 400 registered nurses. Results: Part A of the scale had a highly constructed validity with a significantly good model fit and was equivalent to the original SVEST-R. For Part B, the test-retest reliability value was satisfactory. Conclusions: Thai-SVEST-R demonstrates evidence of validity and reliability, indicating the scale's value for measuring Thai nurses' experiences as second victims.

Design and validation of a Questionnaire on the factors influencing self-care behaviors in patients with Multiple sclerosis (QFASMS).

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Since MS does not have a definitive cure, individuals affected by it need to adapt and coordinate with their chronic illness in order to fulfill their duties and responsibilities. The first step in helping patients to better care for and manage their illness is to engage in self-care behaviors. This study was conducted with the aim of design and validation of a questionnaire on the factors influencing self-care behaviors in patients with Multiple sclerosis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Multiple sclerosis patients in Iran in 2023. The age range of patients varied between 22 and 52 years. Having MS disease, passing one year of the disease duration, living in Mashhad city, having informed consent to participate in the study and not completing the questionnaire were the entry and exit criteria of the study. RESULTS: This study was conducted on 500 patients with multiple sclerosis. Based on the results of psychometrics (face, content and construct validity), the number of questions was reduced from 120 to 47 questions and 73 questions were eliminated. Finally, the questionnaire was approved with 47 questions and 4 subscales of understanding the symptoms of the disease (9 questions), tendency to conscious and targeted care (21 questions), laziness in care (8 questions) and tendency to receive therapy services (9 questions). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega index for all questionnaire questions were 0.877 and 0.881, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this questionnaire, 47 questions and 4 subscales can be used to measure the factors influencing the adoption of self-care behaviour's in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Valuation of the cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the hidden curriculum evaluation scale in nursing education.

BACKGROUND: The hidden curriculum in baccalaureate nursing programs is a means of moral education. Evaluation of the curriculum by students and faculty can increase awareness of its characteristics, which could be useful for planning and further development. OBJECTIVES: This study's aim was to translate the Hidden Curriculum Evaluation Scale in Nursing Education (HCES-N) to Chinese, adapt the scale to the Chinese culture and evaluate its validity and reliability in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: Psychometric assessment of a tool using two cross-sectional surveys. SETTINGS: University-based schools of nursing in seven provinces and cities of China. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate nursing students in a baccalaureate program. METHODS: The English version of the HCES-N was translated to Chinese using the Brislin translation model. The test-retest, internal consistency and split-half reliabilities of the HCES-N were examined in a sample of 1016 undergraduate nursing students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the scale's content validity. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis of the final 44-item HCES-N revealed three common factors and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.535%. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the final 44-item, 3-factor model was adequate for the s cale's structure (Chi-square/df = 6.59, RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.040, CFI = 0.911 and TLI = 0.905). The results confirmed that the Chinese version of HCES-N had good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.945); the scale's split-half-reliability was 0.794 and its test-retest reliability after two weeks was 0.894. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the HCES-N has good reliability and validity and it can be used to assess the hidden curriculum in baccalaureate nursing programs.

Psychometric properties of parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings: A systematic review1.

AIM: To identify scales that assess parental stress in the paediatric clinical population and to analyse their psychometric properties. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and metasearch engines (Google Scholar and Open Grey) were searched with no time period limitations. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach modified by COSMIN. Finally, recommendations were made for the instruments with the highest quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies reporting on 11 different instruments for assessing parental stress in the paediatric clinical setting were included. Six instruments were 'A' rated (recommended) in the final phase in line with COSMIN guidelines. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents was the instrument that evaluated the highest number of psychometric properties and obtained the highest methodological quality, global assessment, and quality of evidence for the different psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides an overview of the measurement properties of the parental stress instruments used in the paediatric clinical setting. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents stands out as being one of the most robust instruments for measuring stress in parents with a hospitalised or sick child. Evidence needs to be generated for all the parental stress scales used in the clinical setting. IMPACT: Given that the psychometric properties of the existing parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings have not been systematically assessed, the present review utilised comprehensive methods according to COSMIN. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA statement and COSMIN reporting guidelines for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.

Reliability and validity of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale for adults with asthma.

INTRODUCTION: Dyspnea during activities of daily living (ADL) is frequently reported by adults with asthma. However, instruments that specifically assess that in people with asthma have not yet been validated. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity and reliability, including standard error of measurement (SEM) and Minimum Detectable Change (MDC), of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) scale for adults with asthma. METHODS: Adults with asthma answered the LCADL scale which was performed twice by the same rater. Spirometry, 6-min walk test (6MWT), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Test (ACT), and Glittre-ADL test were assessed. For statistical analyses, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha coefficient, SEM, MDC were performed. RESULTS: Seventy participants were included (30% men, 44 ± 15 years old, BMI 27[23-31]kg/m2, FEV1 80 ± 17%predicted). For convergent validity, the LCADL scale was moderately correlated with SGRQ, AQLQ, and Glittre-ADL (r = 0.57, -0.46, and 0.41 respectively; p < 0.0001). The LCADL scale correlated weakly with the mMRC scale, ACT, and spirometry measures (-0.23

Translation and validation of the Japanese version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised.

AIM: This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised and evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS: After translating the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised into Japanese, we conducted an Internet-based cross-sectional study with 445 Japanese-speaking women within 2 months of childbirth. Of these, 98 participated in the retest 1 month later. Data were analyzed using the COSMIN study design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments. Content validity was evaluated through cognitive debriefing during the translation process into Japanese. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify structural and cross-cultural validities. For hypothesis testing, we tested correlations with existing measures for convergent and divergent validities, and for known-group discriminant validity, we made comparisons between types of childbirth. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α, and test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: For the Japanese-Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised, the established three-factor model fit poorly, whereas the four-factor model fit better. Full metric invariance was observed in both the nulliparous and multiparous groups. Good convergent, divergent, and known-group discriminant validities and test-retest reliability were established. Internal consistency observations were suboptimal; however for vaginal childbirth, the Cronbach's α of the total score was .71. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese-Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised is a valid and reliable scale, with the exception of internal consistency that requires further investigation. If limited to vaginal childbirth, research, clinical applications, and international comparisons can be drawn.

Development and validation of a modified LibQUAL scale in health sciences libraries: application of Structural Equation Modeling.

Objective: The application of structural equation modeling (SEM), a statistical modeling tool for scale construction and development, is becoming increasingly popular in the health sciences librarianship and information science research. This study explores the application of SEM to health science libraries by describing the development and validation of a modified LibQUAL scale within an Iranian health sciences library setting. Methods: A literature search was performed across several information sources to identify candidate items to be included in the primary questionnaire. After translation, linguistic validation, and a pilot study, two cross-sectional studies were performed. SEM modeling framework was used for the assessment of the reliability and validity of the modified LibQUAL scale. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated by measuring Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for the evaluation of the construct validity of the scale. Smart-PLS software was used for statistical modeling. Results: Composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each scale ranged between 0.90 and 0.95, indicating adequate internal consistency with the LibQUAL scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model of the LibQUAL scale. The convergent validity of the scale was supported, as the average variances extracted for all proposed factors were above 0.50. The discriminant validity was also confirmed using Fornel and Larcker and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) methods. Conclusion: Evaluation of psychometric properties of the translated and locally modified LibQUAL in the Persian language indicated adequate reliability, factorial validity, and stability of this instrument for Iranian health sciences libraries.